What is a 401k plan? Basically, a 401k retirement plan is an agreement between employer and employee where a portion of your income is deducted (before taxes) and set aside into a separate account or invested. You will receive this money at age 59 1/2 or after you retire, by which time it has hopefully vested interest and has had an employer contribution. This plan has gained widespread popularity, in part, because of its flexibility for employees and affordability for employers.
What makes the 401k retirement plan different from other pensions is its flexibility and the amount of control you have over it. Some choices include: What percentage or flat monthly rate do you want to contribute? Also, where do you want to invest? Your employer will provide you with a list and you can choose between stocks, mutual funds, bonds, money market investments, company stock or any combination of the aforementioned. You may also select a financial adviser to make the choice for you. As with anything in life, there are risks. If your company goes bankrupt, you may lose a huge portion of your retirement savings, especially if you’ve invested heavily in company stocks. You may decide to take a more active role in where your money gets invested because some annuities may be losers, while others are winners. Generally, it’s recommended to diversify where your money goes so you don’t “put all your eggs into one basket.”
Check with your employer to see which 401k retirement plan you’re under. Either defined benefit or defined contribution. Under a defined benefit plan, your employer has control over the final pay-outs, which do not fluctuate as the market does, but instead are based upon your salary history and years employed. With a defined contribution plan, you’ll have more control over how much you put in and where it’s invested, but less guarantee on how much you get back.
When you leave a company, generally your 401k retirement plan remains active for the rest of your life. If you feel uncomfortable leaving your savings in the care of your ex-employer, or if your company charges a fee for leaving your account with them, you may rollover 401 k benefits into an Individual Retirement Account. Look into the rollover 401 k if you’re changing employers too. You’re allowed to draw on your 401k retirement plan after age 59 1/2 and you will then pay taxes on what you take out. Most plans have a minimum distribution requirement you must abide by, meaning that once you reach age 70 1/2, you’ll have to start to withdraw some of your money, unless of course, you’re still working. The only plan that is exempt from the minimum distribution rules is the Roth IRA. You may decide to take a crash course in investing and take a more active role to ensure maximum returns.
The 401k retirement plan will be the baseboard for your retirement savings. Be sure to contribute the maximum amount to get the maximum returns. While there are no guarantees, if your employer agrees to match your contributions, this is at least free money. To ensure that your money outlives you, meet with financial advisers to develop a supplemental retirement plan.
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